Abol Hassan Ebtehaj: The Pioneer Of Economic Planning In Iran

Abol Hassan Ebtehaj was a remarkable figure in the history of Iran, known for his groundbreaking work in economic planning. His contributions have been recognized worldwide, with Eugene Black, a former president of the World Bank, describing him as "one of the most significant Iranians of the post-World War II period." This statement is a testament to Ebtehaj's influence and dedication to promoting his country's interests, particularly in the realm of economic development.

Born in 1899 in Rasht, the capital of Gilan province, Ebtehaj grew up in a well-off family, his father serving as a customs official. At the tender age of 11, he was sent abroad for education in cities like Paris, Beirut, and Tehran. This early exposure to different cultures and languages helped him become fluent in both French and English, setting the stage for his future career in international finance and economics.

After returning to Iran in 1918, Ebtehaj worked as an interpreter for British forces stationed in Gilan. However, the turbulent post-war environment, exacerbated by the tragic murder of his father, led his family to move to Tehran. At the age of 20, he joined the British-owned Imperial Bank of Persia, where he quickly climbed the ranks.

Biography

Early Career at the Imperial Bank

Ebtehaj rose rapidly at the Imperial Bank of Persia, where he gained valuable experience in the banking sector. However, he soon realized that the prospects for Iranians in management positions were limited, leading him to resign in 1936. He then joined the Ministry of Finance, where he held several key positions, ultimately serving as the governor of the Bank Melli (National Bank) from 1942 to 1950.

During his tenure at Bank Melli, Ebtehaj played a pivotal role in establishing the bank as Iran's de facto central bank, effectively challenging the dominance of the Imperial Bank. His leadership helped to modernize Iran's banking system and laid the groundwork for future economic development.

Challenges and Exile

Despite his achievements, Ebtehaj's quick temper and intolerance for corruption led to conflicts that resulted in his dismissal in July 1950. Following this, he spent four years in a self-imposed exile, serving as ambassador to France and later as the director of the IMF’s Middle East department in Washington, D.C. This experience proved beneficial when he returned to Tehran in 1954 to lead the country's Plan Organisation.

With support from well-trained Iranian professionals and international advisors, he initiated an ambitious development program focused on infrastructure, including dam and road construction. This program was crucial for Iran's economic growth in the following decades. However, his resistance to political interference ultimately cost him the Shah's support, leading to his resignation in 1959.